PH METER STORE

CAN YOU DETERMINE WATER HARDNESS FROM CONDUCTIVITY OR TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS MEASUREMENTS?

General Water hardness is related to the dissolved minerals in the water. General hardness is a misleading term that is often confused with carbonate hardness or temporary hardness, which is actually related to alkalinity and relates to the "buffering capacity" of the water (its ability to resist pH changes).

This means that if the carbonate hardness is high then the pH will be extremely stable or alternatively if the carbonate hardness is low the pH of the water will be able to fluctuate easily.

Water hardness is the measurement of the amount of ions which have lost two electrons (divalent cations) dissolved in the tested water and is therefore, related to total dissolved solids.

The more divalent cations dissolved in the water the "harder" the water.

Generally the most common divalent cations are calcium and magnesium, however other divalent cations may contribute including iron, strontium, aluminum, and manganese.

Typically the other divalent cations contribute little to no appreciable additions to the water hardness measurement.

A stream or river's hardness reflects the geology of the catchment's area and sometimes provides a measure of the influence of human activity in a watershed.

For example, sites that have active or abandoned mines nearby often have higher concentrations of iron ions in the water resulting in a very high hardness degree.

Total dissolved solids (TDS) refers to a measure of all inorganic solids dissolved in the water. This means that it will measure ions that contribute to water hardness, like calcium, but also those that do not, like sodium.

The TDS measurement is a better reflection of the total mineral content of the water rather than a water hardness measurement.

However, for estimation purposes, the water hardness can be roughly calculated by dividing the ppm (parts per million) measurement of the TDS by 10 giving a hardness value with an error of only 2-3 French degrees.

You can use TDS to determine whether the water will be toxic. i.e much dissolved solids including metals.

TDS measurements can also be derived from Electrical conductivity measurement.

Electrical Conductivity is similar to TDS measurements. EC is a measure of the ability of a substance to conduct electric current. Conductivity measurements offer a rapid and non-destructive way to measure ion content in the sample. The conductivity measurement is made with an electronic sensor or meter in micro/milli-Siemens per centimeter or ppm.

Conductivity increases with increasing ion content, which means that in most cases it gives a good approximation of the TDS measurement using the conversion factor of 1 ppm = 2 uS/cm. Conductivity is temperature sensitive and is typically standardized to 25°C.

While conductivity is a convenient way to get an approximation of the hardness of water it does have the drawback of combining all ions in the measurement, including those that do not contribute to the water's hardness. This hardness approximation gives an error similar to the TDS measurement of 2-3 French degrees of hardness.

Can you measure water hardness with a conductivity sensor or TDS sensor?

TDS, Temperature and Hardness plays a vital role in Hactery. It'll determine whether your eggs are going to hatch well.

TDS, Temperature, PH and hardness will determine whether your fries are going to survive till they become fingerlings and Juveniles.

To get your water tested

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You can also get your water tested at our office.

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" House of Franklin work closely with aquaculturists to provide fish pond management systems tailored to their specific needs. Our water quality sensor and control systsms ensure that you can live and work with the confidence that your fish stock is developing at its optimum rate."

Fish live, breathe, feed, grow, repoduce and excrete wastes within water are therefore totally susceptible to changes in water quality. For fish to maintain an optimum level of health, avoid stress or disease then the water quality of the water must be monitored anc controlled 24/7. Fish become stressed when key water quality parameters such as temperature, pH nitrgenous waste, dissolved oxygen and salinity are not kept with specified thresholds.

Ammonia / Ammonium

Ammonia is the main waste product profuced by fish and is regarded as the second most important water quality parameter after PH and dissolved oxygen in intensive fish farming. Even in relatively small concentrations, ammonia can cause significant stress and damage to fish especially bacteriological infections. In higher concentratons where the nitrogen cycle is not in balance ammonia can wipe out whole fish stocks.

Ammonia occurs in two forms: (1) Total Ammoniacal Nitrgoen (TAN) which is the toxic un-ionised ammonia (NH3) and (2) non-toxic ionised ammonia (NH4). The pH and the temperature of the water will dictate which form ammonia is dominant at the time. When ammonia is expelled it is converted into toxic nitrite (NO2-) by Nitrosomonas bacteria. Nictrobacter on the other hand convert nitrite to non-toxic nitrate (NO3+) which in turn is taken up by plants and algae as a food source. It is therefore important to ensure that nitrite levels are very low if not zero. If NH3 levels exceed 2ppm, fish can die.

RS Hydro provide a range of instruments to measure NH3 including handheld water quality meters with Ion Selective Electrodes (ISEs), UV-based photometers and fluorometers.

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Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) is considered by most to be the most important water quality parameter with pH in aquaculture. Depending on the size and type of fish farm, DO levels can change very quickly indeed and can therefore endanger the lives of the fish in a matter of minutes or hours. The main problems with maintaining a suitable level of dissolved oxygen in fish farm applications is that oxygen is not very soluble in water and takes a lot of oxygenating to keep these levels; oxygen naturally diffuses to the atmosphere and the demand for oxygen is un-naturally higher in fish farm application than in the natural environment purely due to the stocking density of the fish farm.

Although fish can tolerate a drop in dissolved oxygen below 5-6 mg/L for short periods of time, it will lead to significant stress or indeed death if not increased to healthy levels. The use of handheld dissolved oxygen meters or continuous online dissolved oxygen sensors can help montior and control these situations.

Instruments for measuring Dissolved Oxygen >>

pH

The recommended pH range for fish and vertebrates is between 6.5 and 7.5 as the average blood pH is around 7.4. With water passing through the fish gills and skin they are susceptible to changes in pH. Fish therefore become stressed if pH falls outside the pH6.5 - 7.5 range. pH does vary throughout the day and depends on the oxygen demand in the water and photosynthesis. CO2 is also released overnight hence lowering pH by morning but rises to its peak in the afternoon when CO2 consumption by algae (photosynthesis) is at is peak.

The pH of the water aquatic organisms live in affects the concentrations of dissolved substances, the physiological functioning of the animals, and the other plants and animals in the environment that provide food and oxygen to the ecosystem. Fish have a reduced capacity to carry oxygen if pH levels fall to critical levels but if the pH goes critically high, the portion of ammonia that is toxic also increases.

Our Digital ph Meter can provide the data required to effectively monitor and control pH levels.

Nothing stresses the fish quicker than poor quality water. The maintenance of water quality is critical to the success of your fish farm.

Water quality management is the Key to success of everything, we do in fish farming.

Fish will lose their appetite in poor quality water and usually show signs of stress as the conditions deteriorate.

The situation under investigation could be an early warning sign of an impending critical water quality problem. PH and levels may be low or high, thus depriving the fish of a key ingredient for fast growth and Development.

💥Water that has a pH that is too low or too high can be harmful to fish and other aquatic life. .

💥At low pH, toxic metals such as aluminum can enter the water in greater concentrations, some nitrogen-bearing chemicals become more toxic, and the metabolic processes of fish can become less efficient. .

💥Water with pH below 5 can inhibit reproduction or lead to death, and young fish and other aquatic organisms are especially susceptible. Water with a pH below 6.0 can inhibit growth.

💥At high pH values (such as >9), most ammonium ions are convert

We have the devices available

#Price of PH meter N10,000

#Delivery fee in Lagos N1000

#Delivery fee in Ogun N1500 - N2000

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Other states pay before delivery.

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Buy pH meter Instruments for measuring pH >>

Temperature

Temperature as a water quality parameters is more important than you think as it directly affects the amount of oxygen that can be dissolved in water but also the growth of organisms and bacteria that can cause disease. Temperature also controls the rate at which food is transformed into energy which then in turn affects breathing, food intake, bodily growth and physiological behaviour. An increase in temperature will decrease the dissolved oxygen content in water which will in turn increase the fish metabolic rate and its demand for oxygen. Any organisms or bacteria also in the water will then be competing for the limited supply of dissolved oxygen hence causing stress, limited growth, stress and an increase in carbon dioxide.

Buy Digital Temperature meter Instruments for measuring Temperature